Neurotypes

Neurotypes is a term used to describe the range of distinct patterns of neurological functioning among individuals. It encompasses variations in sensory processing, attention, cognition, language, memory, and behavior, and is discussed primarily in the context of neurodiversity. The concept is generally used as a descriptive framework rather than a formal diagnostic category, aiming to acknowledge diverse brain styles as part of natural human variation rather than as deficits.

In practice, neurotypes are often described in relation to the contrast between neurotypical patterns and neurodivergent patterns, with examples including autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, dyslexia, dyspraxia, and other neurological profiles. Some writers and researchers propose a spectrum or multiple categories of neurotypes rather than a simple binary, though there is no single standardized taxonomy. The term is typically employed to discuss differences in perception, learning, communication, and social interaction, and to guide approaches to accommodation and support.

Context and implications: the concept supports the goals of the neurodiversity movement, which emphasizes strengths, autonomy, and inclusive practices in education, workplaces, and services. Clinically, neurotype is not used as a definitive label for an individual; rather, assessments focus on functioning profiles and support needs, with neurotype providing a holistic lens for understanding variation.

Critiques note that the idea of fixed neurotypes can risk oversimplification, stereotyping, or essentialism. Critics also point out that neurotypes may be shaped by environmental, cultural, and developmental factors, and that rigid classifications can obscure individuality and context. Overall, neurotypes function as a conceptual tool to discuss neurological variation rather than a strict taxonomy.