no

No is a word in English used to express negation, denial, or refusal. It functions as a determiner before a noun (no tickets left; no problem), as an adverb in certain constructions (no longer, no longer possible), and as an interjection in direct responses (No, I can’t). It also appears in phrases that emphasize absence or prohibition, and is a common element in everyday speech.

Etymology and history: The form derives from Old English nān (and related forms in West Germanic languages), indicating negation of quantity or existence. Through Middle English, the word evolved into the modern form no, used before nouns and as a standalone negative response. The development mirrors broader patterns of negation in the Germanic family and in later English.

Grammatical roles and nuance: As a determiner, no precedes a noun or noun phrase to indicate total absence or negation (no money, no options). As a sentence adverb or interjection, it can negate a statement or serve as a brief refusal (No, thank you). The word is often contrasted with not and with phrases like not any or none; no generally signals a stronger, more categorical negation.

Usage notes: In standard English, no is used where the speaker wants to express complete negation, prohibition, or refusal, as in no trespassing or there is no evidence. It can carry different emphasis in informal speech, and it participates in fixed expressions such as no longer and no way. Its usage influences tone, formality, and the strength of the negation.