speaker

Speaker is a term with multiple meanings. In audio technology, a speaker (or loudspeaker) is a transducer that converts electrical audio signals into sound waves. Most common designs use a moving coil attached to a diaphragm (voice coil and magnet). The device is housed in an enclosure that shapes the acoustic output. Variants include dynamic, electrostatic, and balanced-armature speakers, each with different performance characteristics. Specifications such as impedance, sensitivity, frequency response, and recommended amplifier power indicate how a speaker will perform in a system. In consumer devices, speaker components can be standalone units or built into headphones, smartphones, and televisions; many systems use multiple drivers in a cabinet to cover different parts of the audible spectrum.

Speaker also refers to a person who speaks or delivers a talk, such as a public speaker or a keynote presenter. The term can denote the act of speaking itself.

In parliamentary and organizational contexts, the Speaker is the presiding officer of a deliberative assembly. Duties typically include maintaining order, recognizing speakers, and interpreting rules. The selection process and powers of the speaker vary by jurisdiction.

In computing and software, a speaker is the hardware that outputs audio from a computer or mobile device; in some contexts, "speaker" can also refer informally to a voice interface or text-to-speech system.

See also: loudspeaker, public speaking, speech synthesis, home theater.