officer

An officer is a person who holds a position of authority in an organization, institution, or government. Responsibilities typically include leadership, decision-making, and the execution of policy or law. The term is used across military, police, corporate governance, and civil administration. The word originates from the Old French officier, via Latin officium, meaning service or duty.

In the military, officers are typically commissioned by a sovereign or state and may include ranks such as lieutenant, captain, and colonel. They lead units, plan operations, and make strategic decisions. Non-commissioned officers, who are enlisted personnel with leadership roles but without a commission, perform supervisory duties and direct day-to-day work. In law enforcement, a police officer enforces laws, protects the public, investigates crimes, and may operate at municipal, regional, or national levels.

In organizations and government, corporate officers include roles such as chief executive officer, chief financial officer, and secretary; they are appointed by the board of directors and have fiduciary and managerial duties. Public administration uses the term for positions such as city officers, department heads, or officers of the court, who perform administrative or enforcement functions. The term can also denote officers of the court, such as bailiffs or clerks, who assist in legal proceedings.

Usage notes: The word officer is capitalized when used as a formal title or rank (for example, Officer Smith) but may be lowercase when used generically. The precise meaning of “officer” depends on the jurisdiction and context, and some organizations distinguish between officers and other supervisory roles.