civil

Civil may refer to several related concepts pertaining to citizenry, conduct, and legal systems.

In the context of society, civil often describes behavior or conduct that adheres to accepted social norms and expectations. This includes politeness, courtesy, and respect toward others, even in disagreement. A civil society refers to a community characterized by tolerance, dialogue, and constructive engagement among individuals and groups with diverse interests.

Legally, civil law is a legal system derived from Roman law traditions. It contrasts with common law systems and emphasizes codified laws and legal principles. Civil law governs disputes between private parties, such as individuals or corporations, including matters like contracts, property, and torts. These cases are typically resolved through civil lawsuits or legal proceedings, where individuals seek remedies such as monetary damages or specific performance.

Civil rights are fundamental rights and freedoms guaranteed to individuals by law, protecting them from discrimination and ensuring equal treatment under the legal system. These rights may include the right to vote, freedom of speech, and equal access to education and employment.

The term "civil" is also used to denote something pertaining to ordinary citizens or civilian affairs, distinct from military or ecclesiastical matters. For instance, civil service refers to the body of government employees who implement public policy and administer public services.