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The body is the physical structure of a living organism. In biology, it is organized in hierarchical levels, from cells to tissues to organs and organ systems, which interact to sustain life. In humans and many animals, the body possesses specialized tissues such as muscle, nerve, and epithelial tissue that perform distinct functions.

Major body systems include the skeletal system, which provides support and protection; the muscular system, which

Physiology describes how the body maintains homeostasis, balancing variables such as temperature, pH, fluid levels, and

Body development begins before birth and continues through life, shaped by genetics and environment. Variation arises

enables
movement;
and
the
integumentary
system,
comprising
skin
and
its
derivatives,
which
guards
against
injury
and
regulates
temperature.
Internal
systems
include
the
cardiovascular
system,
the
respiratory
system,
the
digestive
system,
the
excretory
system,
the
immune
and
lymphatic
system,
the
endocrine
system,
and
the
reproductive
system.
The
nervous
system
coordinates
sensation
and
response,
while
the
circulatory
and
respiratory
systems
supply
oxygen
and
nutrients
and
remove
waste.
energy
supply
through
feedback
mechanisms.
Metabolism
converts
food
into
energy
and
building
blocks
necessary
for
growth
and
repair.
from
genetic
differences,
aging,
health,
and
lifestyle.
The
study
of
the
body
encompasses
anatomy,
physiology,
and
medicine,
and
its
insights
inform
fields
ranging
from
healthcare
to
sports
and
ergonomics.