factors

In mathematics, a factor of an integer n is another integer that divides n exactly with no remainder. Factors come in pairs, such as 1 and n, and the product of two factors equals n. For example, the factors of 28 are 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, and 28.

Prime factorization expresses a number as a product of prime factors raised to powers. The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic states every positive integer has a unique prime factorization. The greatest common factor (or divisor) of a set of integers is the largest integer that divides each of them. The Euclidean algorithm is a standard method to compute it.

Factorization of polynomials: factoring is writing a polynomial as a product of lower-degree polynomials. For example x^2 - 5x + 6 = (x-2)(x-3).

In statistics and research, a factor is a variable that can influence an outcome or a condition in an experiment. Factors can be controlled or observed. Factor analysis is a statistical method used to identify underlying factors that explain correlations among observed variables. In experimental design, factors are the independent variables in factorial designs.

In general usage, factor refers to an element contributing to a result or situation, such as risk factors in health or social factors in public policy.