tool

A tool is a device or implement used to carry out a task, typically by extending human capability. Tools enable people to apply force, cut, shape, measure, join, or guide materials with greater efficiency or precision. The word traces to Old English tol, related to Germanic words for instrument.

Throughout history, tools have evolved from simple stone and wooden implements to complex machines. Early humans used functional stones, sticks, and bones; the Bronze and Iron Ages introduced metalworking. The Industrial Revolution brought machine tools, standardized parts, and power-driven equipment, enabling mass production and more specialized crafts.

Tools fall into broad categories, including hand tools such as hammers, screwdrivers, pliers, and chisels; measuring tools such as rulers, calipers, and micrometers; cutting tools such as knives and saws; fasteners; and power tools such as drills, grinders, and saws. In computing and information technology, software tools provide capabilities such as editing, modeling, analysis, and collaboration.

Design and use emphasize safety and control. Tools are selected for purpose, sized to user strength, and maintained through sharpening, calibration, and lubrication. Proper technique, protective equipment, and adherence to safety guidelines reduce injury and damage.

Beyond practical use, tools shape economies and culture by expanding productivity, enabling complex construction, manufacturing, and scientific work. They continue to evolve with new materials, precision, and digital technologies, blending physical devices with software and data.