moccasins

Moccasins are a type of footwear traditionally made by Indigenous peoples across North America. They are typically soft-soled leather shoes or boots, designed for flexibility and quiet movement. The word moccasin derives from an Algonquian term for a shoe. While the exact style varies by group, moccasins generally fit the foot closely with a low or no heel and a soft, flexible sole.

Traditional moccasins are usually sewn from hides such as deer, moose, or caribou, sometimes with felt or cloth uppers. A single piece of hide may be cut and folded around the foot, with a separate sole stitched on. Uppers are often decorated with beadwork, quillwork, embroidery, or other ornamental designs; lacing along the sides or across the top can adjust fit. Additional fur or lining may be added for winter use. Variations exist in stitching, seam placement, and how the toe and heel are formed.

Regional variations reflect different climates and crafts. Northern and Subarctic styles tend to be insulated with fur and have higher shafts for warmth. Great Lakes and Plateau styles often incorporate beaded designs and flexible soles. Plains moccasins emphasize quiet movement and may feature fringe, while Southeastern styles vary in height and decoration. Historically, moccasins were used for hunting, travel, dancing, and ceremonial purposes.

In modern times, moccasins have influenced fashion as well, giving rise to soft leather loafers and driving moccasins. Contemporary versions may be mass produced or crafted by Indigenous artisans. When selecting moccasins, it is respectful to acknowledge the cultural origins and cultural significance of the footwear for many Indigenous communities.