driving

Driving is the act of operating a motor vehicle to travel, transport goods or people, on public roads or private property. It involves controlling the vehicle's speed, direction, and responses to traffic and road conditions, while complying with applicable laws and safety practices.

In most jurisdictions, drivers must obtain a license through knowledge testing, vision screening, and practical driving exams. Graduated licensing systems place new drivers under supervised conditions before full privilege. Ongoing education may be encouraged or required, particularly for commercial drivers.

Core skills include steering with hands on a wheel, use of pedals or throttle and brake, and signaling turns. Observing mirrors, checking blind spots, obeying signs, maintaining safe following distances, and using seat belts are fundamental.

Drivers must follow speed limits, yield to pedestrians, and understand right-of-way rules. Impairment from alcohol or drugs, fatigue, and distraction increase crash risk. Weather, road surface, and visibility affect driving decisions; defensive driving seeks to anticipate hazards.

Vehicle efficiency and emissions affect costs and pollution. Regular maintenance, tire pressure, brakes, lights, and fluids ensure safety and reliability. Fuel types and technologies, including electrification or hybrids, influence driving economics.

Modern vehicles may include advanced driver-assistance systems such as automatic emergency braking, lane-keeping assist, adaptive cruise control, and stability control. Automated driving technologies and research seek to enable higher degrees of automation, with legal and ethical considerations.

Driving behavior shapes traffic flow and road safety. Infrastructure design, public transit availability, and traffic enforcement influence outcomes. Education and consistent rules aim to reduce crashes and improve mobility for all road users.