tire

A tire is a ring-shaped component that surrounds a wheel, made of rubber and other materials, and is inflated with air to form a flexible cushion. It supports the vehicle’s weight, absorbs shocks, transmits traction, and guides steering and braking.

A tire consists of a tread, sidewalls, beads that grip the wheel rim, and an inner liner that provides airtightness in tubeless designs. Modern tires use reinforcing plies and belts—typically steel in the tread area and fabric in the body—to resist punctures and maintain shape.

There are several construction types, including tubeless radial tires and bias-ply tires, plus tubed variants and run-flat designs. Tread patterns vary for all-season, summer, or winter use, and size is indicated by a number such as 195/65R15, which encodes width, aspect ratio, and diameter.

Proper inflation, measured with a gauge, is essential for performance and wear. Regular maintenance includes tire rotation, wheel alignment, balancing, and prompt repair or replacement of damaged or worn tires. Tread depth and wear indicators help determine when replacement is needed.

The pneumatic tire was developed in the late 19th century by John Boyd Dunlop. Tire technology has since evolved with radial construction and run-flat options. Environmentally, tires are recycled or retreaded to conserve resources and reduce waste.