closely

Closely is an adverb with several related meanings tied to proximity and careful attention. It most often denotes near in space or time, or the degree to which something is done with care. Examples include: “She stood closely to the wall,” “The investigators observed the scene closely,” and “The camera footage was studied closely.” Closely can also describe relationships or associations that are tight or intimate, as in “The two families are closely related” or “a closely knit community.”

Usage notes and nuances

Closely can modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. It is often used to emphasize thoroughness or precision, such as “closely monitoring the process” or “closely held beliefs.” When describing physical proximity, speakers sometimes prefer phrases like “in close proximity” or “standing very close” rather than “standing closely.” The expression “close” can function as an adjective meaning near, and in some contexts it pairs with a noun (for example, “a close watch”) where the form close (not closely) is used as an adjective.

Etymology

Closely is formed from the adjective close by adding the adverbial suffix -ly. The underlying sense relates to nearness or tightness, extended metaphorically to carefulness or thoroughness.

See also

Related terms include close, closely related, closely monitored, and closely held. In usage, closely often indicates a high degree of attention, proximity, or connection.