hunting

Hunting is the pursuit and capture or killing of wildlife, typically for food, sport, or wildlife management. It includes stalking, still hunting, ambush, and trapping or netting. Techniques vary by habitat and species and may involve firearms, bows, and traps, sometimes aided by dogs, decoys, or calling devices. Common targets include deer, elk, waterfowl, upland birds, small mammals, and predators where regulated.

Throughout history hunting has provided subsistence and influenced cultural practices. In many countries it evolved into regulated sport and a tool for wildlife management. Modern systems use licenses, seasons, bag limits, and reporting to balance populations, support habitat conservation, and fund public wildlife programs.

Methods vary by species and region. Techniques include stand hunting, spot-and-stalk, drives, and ambush; with rifles, shotguns, or bows. Ethical and legal considerations emphasize safety, humane treatment of animals, and compliance with local regulations. Hunters may use dogs, calls, decoys, or camouflage to improve success and safety.

Common equipment includes suitable weapons and ammunition, arrows or bolts, optics, clothing with high-visibility features where required, footwear, and navigation gear. Scent control and game processing tools are often used. Safety practices prioritize firearm handling, muzzle awareness, and wearing visible clothing in many jurisdictions.

Conservation link: regulated hunting can contribute to wildlife management through data collection and quotas, and supports habitat protection funded by licenses and fees. In subsistence contexts, hunting secures food and materials while cultural traditions inform sustainable practices and stewardship of ecosystems.

Ethics emphasize fair chase, minimizing suffering, respect for property, and adherence to laws. Violations may carry penalties and affect public trust in wildlife programs.