decoys

Decoys are objects, devices, or individuals designed to mislead observers by simulating something real or drawing attention away from a genuine target. They rely on visual, motion, or behavioral cues that resemble authentic targets and on contextual cues that reduce suspicion. Decoys appear in many fields, from hunting and wildlife management to military deception, law enforcement, entertainment, and research.

In hunting and wildlife management, decoys are used to attract animals within range. Waterfowl decoys mimic real birds on ponds or marshes; upland game decoys imitate game birds. Modern decoys include inflatable and painted models made from durable plastics or wood. Ethical and legal considerations vary by jurisdiction, especially regarding live decoys, baiting rules, and protected species.

In military and security contexts, decoys are employed to misdirect enemy reconnaissance, protect assets, or gain tactical advantage. Examples include inflatable tanks or aircraft, radar-reflecting devices, balloon or drone decoys, and phantom installations designed to appear more valuable or numerous than they are. Decoys can also accompany protective measures such as screening and camouflage.

In law enforcement and intelligence, decoys are used in undercover operations or to draw out criminals in controlled settings. Use is governed by legal and ethical standards to avoid entrapment and protect rights.

Decoys also appear in film and theater as props or stand-ins, and in psychology and marketing as deceptive choices that influence decisions, such as the decoy effect, where a less attractive option alters preference between two others.