Waterfowl

Waterfowl is a common term for aquatic birds in the family Anatidae, within the order Anseriformes. The group includes ducks, geese, and swans, and they occupy a wide range of freshwater and coastal habitats around the world. Typical waterfowl features include broad bills, webbed feet, and a body shape suited to afloat in water. Many species have waterproof plumage maintained by oil produced in the uropygial gland during preening.

Waterfowl diets are diverse, ranging from aquatic plants, seeds, and fruits to invertebrates and small fish. Some species graze on grasses or crops. They often feed by filtering or dabbling at the water surface or by diving, depending on the species. Social behavior is common; many waterfowl form large flocks outside the breeding season and undertake seasonal migrations between breeding and wintering areas. Reproduction typically occurs near water; nests are usually in vegetation on the ground or in dense cover, and both parents may brood and defend the eggs. The young are generally precocial, hatching with the ability to walk and feed themselves.

Conservation and management: Waterfowl are subject to habitat loss, pollution, hunting pressures, and climate change, with population trends varying by species and region. Wetland protection, sustainable hunting regulations, and habitat restoration are central to many conservation programs. Because they respond rapidly to changes in wetland health, waterfowl are often used as indicators of ecosystem condition and are popular for birdwatching and wildlife tourism.