Anseriformes

Anseriformes is an order of birds that includes the ducks, geese, and swans. The largest family within the order is Anatidae, which covers most species commonly called ducks, geese, and swans. In addition, some classifications recognize Anseranatidae (magpie goose) and Anhimidae (screamers) as distinct families within the order, and whistling ducks are variably placed in Dendrocygnidae or within Anatidae. The group is characterized by aquatic habits and broad bills.

Members are adapted to life on water, with webbed feet and bills that are often broad and flattened. Some ducks have lamellate edges for filtering food from water. Plumage is typically muted, though breeding-season coloration can be brighter in some species. Sexual dimorphism ranges from prominent to subtle, and many forms engage in seasonal pair bonding.

Ecology and behavior: Anseriformes feed mainly on aquatic vegetation, seeds, and invertebrates. Dabbling, grazing, and occasional diving occur across species. Nesting usually takes place near water, with ground nests and precocial chicks. Both parents often participate in incubation and care. Many species migrate between seasonal breeding and wintering grounds, while others are sedentary.

Distribution and conservation: Anseriformes have a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on all continents except Antarctica, in freshwater and coastal habitats. Population sizes vary; some species are abundant, others threatened or extinct. Key pressures include habitat loss, water pollution, hunting, and introduced species. Conservation efforts focus on habitat protection, sustainable hunting practices, and, where feasible, restoration or reintroduction programs.