magpie

Magpie is a common name applied to several species of birds in the family Corvidae, and, in everyday speech, to related birds as well. The term most often refers to the black‑and‑white magpies of the genus Pica, such as the Eurasian magpie (Pica pica) and the North American black‑billed magpie (Pica hudsonia). An additional species, the yellow‑billed magpie (Pica nuttalli), occurs in California. The Australian magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen) is widely called a magpie in everyday usage, but it belongs to a different genus and family.

Description and ecology vary among species, but magpies generally share a medium size, long tails, and striking black and white plumage. Many species have iridescent feather features on the wings and tail. They are highly adaptable omnivores, feeding on insects, seeds, fruit, eggs and nestlings, small animals, carrion, and scraps. They are often territorial and may forage on the ground or in trees, sometimes using tools or problem‑solving to obtain food. Magpies are known for complex vocalizations and, in some regions, for mimicking sounds.

Reproduction involves building sturdy nests in trees or shrubs. Pairs are usually monogamous; clutch sizes typically range from 4 to 7 eggs, with incubation and fledging times varying by species and climate. Nest defense and cooperative behaviors assist in raising young in some populations.

Distribution ranges from Europe and Asia to parts of North America and Australia, reflecting the diverse lineages referred to as magpies. Conservation status varies by species, with most being of least concern while a few, such as certain California magpies, face regional threats from habitat loss. Cultural associations of magpies include folklore and fables, often linked to luck or cunning.