Corvidae

Corvidae is a family of passerine birds in the order Passeriformes. It includes crows, ravens, jays, magpies, nutcrackers and jackdaws. The family comprises roughly 120 species in about 30 genera and has a nearly worldwide distribution, occurring on every continent except Antarctica. Corvids display a wide range of sizes and plumage patterns, with some species exhibiting iridescent or glossed feathers.

Corvids are intelligent and highly adaptable birds. They show advanced problem solving, tool use in some species (notably New Caledonian and other crows), and sophisticated social learning. Their vocalizations are complex and can include mimicry in some species. They are opportunistic omnivores, feeding on fruits, seeds, carrion, insects and discarded human food, and many species cache or hoard food.

Ecology and reproduction: Corvids inhabit forests, woodlands, grasslands and urban areas, often near human settlements. They typically build substantial stick-and-grass nests in trees or cliffs; many species form monogamous pairs and raise small altricial young. Migration ranges vary; some populations are sedentary, others partially migratory. Lifespans are relatively long for passerines, with individuals living several years in the wild.

Taxonomy and conservation: The family includes genera such as Corvus (crows and ravens), Pica (magpies), Garrulus (jays), Nucifraga (nutcrackers) and Cyanocitta (blue jays). Conservation status varies by species, but most corvids are of least concern due to wide ranges and adaptability; some island or habitat-restricted species are threatened. Corvids play important ecological roles as seed dispersers, scavengers and predators of invertebrates.