ravens

Ravens are large, black passerine birds in the genus Corvus, family Corvidae. They are among the largest members of the crow family and are often distinguished from smaller crows by their size, shaggy throat feathers, and deep croaking calls. The common raven (Corvus corax) is the most widespread and familiar species, found across much of the Northern Hemisphere and in a variety of habitats from forests to deserts and urban areas.

Common ravens measure about 52–67 cm in length, with a wingspan around 115–150 cm. They have glossy black plumage with iridescent purples and blues, a shaggy throat, and a wedge-shaped tail in flight. They are noted for intelligence and complex social behavior, though they are often seen alone or in pairs.

Ravens are omnivores, eating carrion, insects, small vertebrates, eggs, fruit, and grain. They forage on the ground or at carcasses and are known for problem-solving abilities that help them access food in diverse environments. They typically form long-term pair bonds and share incubation and chick-rearing duties.

In terms of reproduction, raven nests are built by both mates in trees or on cliffs, and the clutch usually contains 3–7 eggs. Incubation lasts about 18–20 days, and fledging occurs roughly 4–5 weeks after hatching. Juveniles may accompany or remain with the family for several months.

Ravens inhabit a wide range of environments, including forests, mountains, coastlines, and urban areas across the Northern Hemisphere, and are noted for their adaptability to human-modified landscapes. The common raven is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN due to its extensive range and large population, though local populations can fluctuate with food availability and habitat changes.