additional

Additional is an adjective and determiner used to describe something that is added or extra beyond what already exists or has been mentioned. It signals an increment beyond a baseline, often in formal or technical contexts such as business, science, and law. It can modify a noun: additional resources, additional time, or occur after a linking verb: these costs are additional to the budget.

Etymology: Additional derives from the noun addition, which comes from Latin additio, from addere, meaning to add. The suffix -al turns the base into an adjective that describes something related to or resulting from addition.

Usage notes: In most contexts, additional emphasizes quantity or coverage beyond what is already present rather than replacement. It is common before a noun, as in additional funding, or after a linking verb, as in the budget is additional to the original plan. It is preferred over synonyms like extra in formal writing, though nuance differs: extra can imply an unnecessary surplus, while additional stresses a planned or necessary supplement. The adverb form is additionally, used to add information in a sentence. Do not use additional as a verb; use add or additionally when phrasing action.

Examples: We require additional data to complete the analysis. There will be additional charges for this service. The report includes additional details beyond the initial findings. The cost is additional to the standard price.

See also: addition, additionality, additionality concept, additionally.