supplement

A supplement is a product intended to augment the diet by providing nutrients or other substances that may be missing or insufficient in a person’s usual intake. In nutrition, dietary supplements include vitamins, minerals, botanicals, amino acids, enzymes, and other ingredients. They come in forms such as tablets, capsules, powders, and liquids, and are marketed to improve nutrient intake, support health, or enhance physical performance. They are not medicines and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent disease; medical advice should be sought for health conditions.

Regulation and safety: In many jurisdictions, dietary supplements are regulated differently from pharmaceutical drugs. Manufacturers are generally responsible for product safety and labeling, while regulatory agencies may review safety and issue warnings or recalls. In the United States, dietary supplements are governed by the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA); the FDA regulates labeling and manufacturing practices and can take action against unsafe products, but supplements do not require pre-market approval for efficacy. Labels must include ingredient lists, amounts per serving, and disclaimers about disease-related claims. Quality concerns can include contamination, mislabeling, and batch-to-batch variability. Potential risks include interactions with medications, adverse effects at high doses, and greater vulnerability among certain groups, such as pregnant people or those with chronic illnesses.

Use and context: Supplements are intended to complement a balanced diet, not replace it. They are popular for addressing specific nutrient gaps, supporting athletic performance, or managing health conditions in conjunction with medical advice. Evidence of efficacy varies by product and condition, and consumers are advised to consult healthcare professionals before use.