applied

Applied is an adjective used to describe knowledge, methods, or practices that are intended for practical use rather than for theoretical analysis. In scholarly and professional contexts, applied approaches emphasize solving real-world problems and delivering usable results.

Etymology: The term derives from the verb apply, which comes from Latin applicare, meaning to fasten or attach. In English, the sense of putting something to use developed over time, with applied as an adjective used to indicate practicality or usefulness.

Domains and usage: Applied science refers to disciplines that translate scientific knowledge into practical applications, including engineering, medicine, and technology. Applied mathematics develops mathematical methods for real-world problems in engineering, physics, and data analysis. Applied linguistics uses linguistic theory to solve concrete problems in language teaching, translation, speech recognition, and forensic analysis. Applied arts covers design and crafts whose outcomes have functional use, such as graphic design, industrial design, and architecture. Applied psychology applies psychological insights to clinical, organizational, educational, and community settings. Applied ethics addresses moral issues arising in professional practice and policy, such as healthcare, business, and technology.

Relationship to basic research: Applied research aims to solve specific, practical questions, whereas basic (or fundamental) research seeks to expand general knowledge without immediate application. Many projects combine both aims, progressing from theoretical understanding to real-world impact.

Overall, applied emphasizes usefulness and implementation, bridging theory and practice across multiple fields.