wildlife

Wildlife refers to non-domesticated plants, animals, fungi, and other organisms that live in natural environments. In common usage it often emphasizes animals, but ecologically wildlife includes all organisms that interact within ecosystems.

Wildlife occupies diverse habitats, from forests, deserts, and oceans to freshwater systems and urban green spaces. The distribution of wildlife depends on climate, terrain, vegetation, and availability of food and water, as well as interactions among species.

Biodiversity encompasses species diversity, genetic variation, and ecosystem diversity. Scientists classify wildlife into major groups such as mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, invertebrates, plants, and fungi. Research uses field surveys, tagging, camera traps, acoustic monitoring, and remote sensing.

Many species face threats including habitat loss, pollution, invasive species, overexploitation, and climate change. These pressures can reduce populations, alter ecosystems, and undermine services such as pollination, pest control, and cultural value. Conservation approaches include protected areas, habitat restoration, legal protections, captive breeding, and community-based management.

Humans interact with wildlife through conflicts, tourism, and science. Sustainable practices, environmental impact assessments, and international agreements aim to balance use and preservation. Public education and accessible data support informed decision-making about wildlife and its habitats.