fair

Fair is a word with several related meanings in English. As an adjective it describes justice and impartiality: a fair trial, fair treatment, fair competition. It can also mean moderate or acceptable, as in fair weather or a fair price. As a noun it refers to a public gathering for commerce and entertainment, such as a county or trade fair, and to the event itself.

Etymology: The term derives from Old English fæger, meaning beautiful or pleasing; the sense of beauty survives in phrases like fair maiden. The moral sense of justice arose from notions of fitting or proper, and over time the two strands split into distinct but historically connected meanings.

Usage: Fairness underpins law, ethics, and governance, advocating equal treatment and non-discrimination. In economics, fair trade and fair competition seek to ensure equitable practices. In everyday language, phrases like 'fair and square' emphasize honesty and straightforwardness.

Fairs: Historically, fairs were scheduled markets and social events granted by charters, enabling merchants to trade across regions. Today fairs include county, state, and trade fairs, often with exhibits, rides, food stalls, and contests. The term also appears in grand exhibitions such as World's Fairs, large international expositions.

See also: Fairness, Fair trade, World's Fair.