fur

Fur is the dense coat of hair that covers many mammals, also known as pelage. It typically consists of two layers: a soft underfur that provides insulation and longer guard hairs that offer protection and a visible outer appearance. Fur differs from ordinary hair in its density, structure, and seasonal growth patterns.

In living animals, fur helps regulate temperature by trapping air and reducing heat loss. Some fur also has oils or surface structures that enhance water resistance. Growth occurs in cycles and fur is often shed or replaced seasonally or in response to stress. The length, thickness, and texture vary across species and climates.

Humans use fur for clothing, accessories, and sometimes upholstery. Processing involves skinning, curing, tanning, and stretching hides into pelts that are cut and sewn into garments. The fur trade includes farming of species such as mink and fox, as well as hunting and trapping in the wild. The industry is subject to welfare, conservation, and trade regulations in various regions.

Cultural and historical contexts vary. Indigenous peoples in Arctic and subarctic regions have relied on fur for survival, trade, and cultural practices. In later centuries fur became a luxury material in fashion, fueling global trade and significant ethical debate about animal welfare and sustainability, alongside the development of synthetic alternatives.

Care and sustainability considerations include specialized storage in cool, dry conditions and professional cleaning for real fur. Environmental concerns focus on tanning chemicals and energy use. Faux fur provides an alternative with a different ecological footprint, but debates about overall sustainability and animal welfare continue.