cleaning

Cleaning is the process of removing dirt, dust, stains, and other contaminants from surfaces to improve hygiene, appearance, and safety. It relies on mechanical action to dislodge soils and chemical action with cleaning agents. Cleaning is distinct from sanitizing and disinfecting, which aim to reduce or kill microorganisms, and from maintenance, which focuses on preserving condition.

Cleaning methods vary by soil type, surface material, and contamination level. Dry methods include dusting and sweeping, while wet methods include washing, mopping, scrubbing, and rinsing. Detergents and surfactants lower surface tension to loosen soil, solvents dissolve oils, and acids or alkalis may remove mineral deposits. Tools such as brooms, vacuum cleaners, mops, microfiber cloths, brushes, and pressure washers are chosen based on the area and task.

Safety and environmental considerations are important in cleaning practice. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, follow product instructions, and ensure adequate ventilation. Proper storage and handling of chemicals reduce risk. Green cleaning options seek to minimize health and environmental impact through biodegradable formulations, low volatile organic compounds, and reduced waste. Effectiveness can be assessed by visual cleanliness, absence of residue, and, in some settings, microbial indicators.

Cleaning is applied in homes, offices, schools, healthcare facilities, food service, and industrial environments. Regular scheduling, standardized procedures, and training help maintain hygiene and asset longevity. Factors such as temperature, water quality, and contact time influence outcomes, and ongoing monitoring supports consistent results.