upholstery

Upholstery is the craft of providing furniture with padding, fabric, and trim to create seating, bedding, and decorative pieces. It encompasses the repair, replacement, and construction of upholstery on items such as chairs, sofas, ottomans, and automotive interiors. Work may occur in workshops or factories, and can involve restoring antique pieces or creating new designs. It typically involves evaluating the furniture’s frame, springs, and shell, selecting materials, and applying coverings.

The foundation includes the frame, springs or webbing for support, and padding to shape comfort. Padding commonly uses foam, cotton batting, polyester fiberfill, and occasional natural fibers like horsehair or down. The covering fabric can be natural (cotton, linen), synthetic (polyester, nylon), leather, or vinyl. Trims such as welts or piping and fasteners like staples, nails, or tacks secure the materials.

The work usually begins with removing the old fabric and inspecting the frame, joints, and springs; repairs or replacements are performed as needed. The support system may be rewebbed or re-sprung, new padding applied, fabric cut and sewn, and the final covering attached. Techniques such as tufting, piping, and nailhead trim may be used to achieve a finished look.

Proper cleaning, stain protection, and avoiding prolonged sun exposure extend the life of upholstered pieces. Reupholstery can extend the life of furniture, reduce waste, and preserve historic pieces. Upholsterers work in independent shops or as part of manufacturing teams, using specialized tools and safety practices.