upholstered

Upholstered describes furniture or other objects that are covered with padding, fabric, leather, or another soft covering mounted on a structural frame. The term comes from the craft of padding and covering furniture, combining a rigid core with cushions to create comfort and form. Upholstery encompasses the materials used for padding, the outer fabric, and the techniques used to attach them, such as tacking, stapling, and webbing.

Typical upholstery components include the frame, springs or webbing, padding layers (foam, batting, or down), and the outer fabric or leather. Modern upholstery often uses polyurethane foam of varying densities, while traditional seating may employ natural fillings such as horsehair or cotton. Fabrics range from durable synthetic blends to natural textiles and leather, chosen for wear resistance, appearance, and ease of cleaning. Fabrics are often evaluated by durability and rub testing to indicate suitability for seating.

Reupholstery refers to recovering an existing piece with new fabric, often to refresh style or repair wear. Care instructions vary by material but generally include regular vacuuming, avoiding direct sunlight, blotting spills promptly, rotating cushions, and professional cleaning when needed. Protective treatments or specific cleaners may be recommended for delicate fabrics.

In furniture contexts, upholstery intersects with safety and fire regulations in some regions, influencing material choices and construction methods. Overall, upholstered items aim to balance comfort, aesthetics, and durability through design, materials, and maintenance.