pelage

Pelage is the term used for the hair or fur that covers a mammal’s body. It forms a coat that varies in length, density, color, and texture between species and individuals. In many mammals, the pelage consists of two main components: a soft underfur, which provides insulation by trapping air, and longer guard hairs that form the outer protective layer and contribute to coloration and weather resistance. Some species also have specialized tactile hairs, such as whiskers (vibrissae), that are not always considered part of the pelage.

Pelage color and pattern serve multiple roles, including camouflage, signaling, and protection from sun exposure. Many mammals undergo seasonal molts, replacing the pelage to match changing environments. For example, some Arctic species grow white winter coats for camouflage in snow and brown summer coats for camouflage in tundra; other species may change color more subtly or maintain a year-round coat with minor variation. The density and length of pelage are influenced by climate, habitat, and life history.

Pelage can be studied in biology and wildlife management to assess health, nutrition, and age. In domesticated mammals, coat type is a key breed characteristic and is often selected for aesthetics or utility, such as warmth or woolly texture. Pelage is not static and can be affected by environmental factors, disease, or hormonal changes, illustrating its dynamic relationship with an animal’s physiology and surroundings.