coats

A coat is a garment worn on the upper body, typically extending below the waist, designed to provide warmth and protection from cold, wind, and precipitation. Coats are worn by people in many cultures and climates. Common materials include wool, cashmere, cotton, nylon, polyester, and blends; insulation may be natural down or synthetic fibers.

Coats vary by length and style. Overcoats and topcoats are longer garments worn over other clothing, while jackets are shorter. Weather-specific types include the trench coat (made of waterproof fabric such as gabardine, often with a belt and storm shield); the pea coat (double-breasted wool with nautical origins); the parka (insulated and often hooded); raincoats (waterproof shells); duffle coats (toggles and hood); and puffer coats (down or synthetic insulation).

Construction details include single- versus double-breasted closures, lapel styles such as notch or peak, and options like belts or hidden plackets. Many coats feature linings that add structure, interior pockets, and shoulder reinforcement. Materials range from traditional wool and cashmere to modern synthetics, with insulation to suit climate. Formal wear includes dress coats that are lighter and designed to complement suits.

History: outer garments for warmth have existed for centuries; modern coat styles developed in Europe during the 17th through 19th centuries, with the frock coat, greatcoat, and tailcoat influencing later designs. The trench coat emerged in the early 20th century for military use and later became a common civilian style. Since the mid-20th century, coats have functioned as both practical outerwear and fashion items.

Care and maintenance: fabric determines cleaning requirements. Wool and cashmere often require dry cleaning, while some synthetics may be machine-washed or spot-cleaned. Always follow care labels. Storage should be clean and dry; use garment bags for long-term storage and avoid compressing coats to prevent creases.