dress

Dress is a form of clothing comprising a single garment that covers the torso and typically extends downward to the legs. Styles vary widely, from minis to gowns, and some dresses are worn with additional layers such as jackets or accessories. In everyday language, the term can also refer to clothing in general or to a specific garment traditionally associated with women.

Across cultures, dresses have served function, status, and ceremonial roles. In Western fashion, dresses evolved from medieval robes and overgarments to elaborate Renaissance gowns, 18th- and 19th-century silhouettes, and the quicker-changing styles of the 20th century. The rise of sewing machines, standardized sizing, and mass production made dresses more accessible, while fashion houses and designers shaped trends.

Common categories include the evening gown, cocktail dress, sundress, sheath, A-line, wrap, shift, and maxi. Length, neckline, sleeve, and fit influence formality and function. Dresses may be designed for specific settings—formal events, work, or casual wear—and can reflect cultural or religious norms through color, pattern, or ornament.

Dress functions as expression and identity, signaling age, status, gender, religion, or belonging to a group. Dress codes and uniforms regulate attire in schools, workplaces, and ceremonies, and fashion movements address issues such as modesty, sustainability, and inclusivity.

Construction involves fabric selection, pattern making, cutting, and sewing, with advances in textiles and technology shaping fit and comfort. The modern industry includes ready-to-wear and fast fashion, prompting concerns about environmental impact and a push toward ethical and sustainable practices.