women

Women are adult human beings who identify as women or are socially recognized as such. The concept of womanhood is shaped by biology, gender identity, culture, and law and includes a range of identities and experiences. While many women are assigned female at birth and have female reproductive anatomy, there is variation, including transgender women and intersex people.

Biology and health: In biological terms, females often have reproductive anatomy enabling gestation, but not all women bear children. Women’s health includes reproductive health, contraception, maternal care, and disease prevention. Transgender women and intersex people may have diverse medical histories that intersect with gender identity.

Demographics and roles: Globally, women make up roughly half the population. Education, employment, and political participation for women have grown in many places, yet gaps remain. Social expectations about family, work, and leadership vary across cultures and time.

Rights and representation: Women have campaigned for civil, political, and economic rights, including suffrage and equal protection under the law. Legal frameworks in many countries prohibit discrimination and violence against women, though enforcement varies and gender-based violence remains a global concern.

Culture and contributions: Women have made significant contributions in science, politics, arts, and sports. Representation in leadership continues to improve but remains unequal, reflecting broader social and economic dynamics.