moccasin

A moccasin is a soft, flexible shoe or slipper traditionally made by Indigenous peoples of North America. It is typically crafted from tanned hide, most commonly deer hide, and features a pliable sole without a pronounced heel. The upper is usually formed from a single piece of leather that is shaped to the foot and joined to the sole along the edge, sometimes with a separate toe cap or decorative elements. The construction emphasizes quiet movement and adaptability to varied terrains.

Regional variations exist across North America. Styles range from low-cut slippers to ankle-length versions, and interior linings may include fur or soft hides for warmth. Beadwork, quillwork, and embroidered decorations are common adornments in many communities. Materials beyond deer hide—such as moose, elk, caribou, or rabbit skins—have been used, along with plant fibers for reinforcement and trim.

Etymology and modern usage: The English word moccasin derives from an Algonquian word meaning “shoe” or “foot covering.” While moccasins retain cultural and ceremonial significance in many Indigenous communities, the term is also used in contemporary fashion to describe soft-soled, leather shoes and indoor slippers produced by both Indigenous artisans and mainstream manufacturers. Modern moccasins may feature rubber or crepe soles and decorative beadwork, blending traditional design with contemporary comfort.