lining

Lining is the inner layer or covering added to the inside of an object, serving purposes such as protection, insulation, aesthetics, or concealment of structural elements.

In textiles and fashion, a lining is a separate fabric attached to the inside of garments, bags, or upholstery. It improves drape and shape, conceals seams, and adds warmth or durability. Common lining materials include satin, silk, or lightweight synthetics. Linings may be sewn to the outer fabric or attached as a separate component, and removable linings are used in some jackets or coats. The term interlining refers to an additional layer placed between the outer fabric and lining for extra warmth.

In architecture and construction, lining refers to interior finishes such as plaster, wood paneling, tile, or sheet metal applied to walls, ceilings, or vaults. It can provide insulation, moisture barriers, acoustics, or decorative effect. Lining is distinguished from cladding, which generally refers to exterior coverings.

In industrial applications, lining denotes the interior layer of pipes, tanks, furnaces, or reactors that resists corrosion, heat, or chemical attack. Refractory linings in high-temperature equipment use heat-resistant materials like brick or castable cement. Polymer, rubber, or ceramic linings are common in chemical processing and water systems.

In maritime contexts, ship hulls and cabins may be lined with materials to provide insulation, vibration dampening, and interior finish. The specific materials depend on environmental conditions and regulatory requirements.