SIB

SIB is an acronym that may refer to multiple topics, but in clinical contexts it most commonly denotes self-injurious behavior. Self-injurious behavior (SIB) describes deliberate harm to one’s body without the intent to die. It is distinct from suicide attempts and is often associated with emotional distress or difficulties in regulating emotions.

Forms of SIB vary and can include cutting, scratching, burning, hitting, or other methods that cause physical injury. SIB may serve several functions, such as helping to regulate overwhelming emotions, communicating distress, or creating a temporary sense of relief or control. It is more commonly reported among adolescents and among people with autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disabilities, trauma histories, or mood and anxiety disorders. Risk factors include acute stress, abusive experiences, poor coping strategies, and limited social support.

The physical and psychological impacts of SIB can be significant, including wounds, infections, scarring, and heightened anxiety or depressive symptoms. Clinicians assess SIB by examining intent, frequency, methods, lethality, and any co-occurring conditions. Safety planning and means restriction are fundamental components of care.

Treatment and management typically involve psychotherapy and support for underlying conditions. Evidence supports dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and various cognitive-behavioral approaches, including habit reversal training. Other effective options may include acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and family-based interventions, particularly for younger individuals. Pharmacotherapy is not a primary treatment for SIB but may address co-occurring disorders such as depression or anxiety. Crisis planning and access to emergency resources are important parts of care.

Aside from self-injurious behavior, SIB is also used as an acronym in different fields to denote various organizations, programs, and technical terms, depending on regional and disciplinary context.