intent

Intent refers to a mental state that represents a plan or aim to act in a particular way. In everyday use, it describes what someone intends to achieve; in formal contexts, it carries philosophical, legal, or technical significance that can affect responsibility and outcome.

In philosophy, intentionality is the feature of mental states that are about or directed toward objects, properties, or states of affairs. The term, rooted in early phenomenology, is used to analyze beliefs, desires, perceptions, and judgments as contentful states that refer beyond themselves.

In law, intent, or mens rea, concerns the mental state accompanying liability. Distinctions often include purpose or aim (acting to bring about a result), knowledge (knowing that the consequence is practically certain), and recklessness (conscious disregard of risk). Some systems recognize 'intent' as a threshold for criminal liability, while others distinguish it more broadly from motive or desire. The doctrine of transferred intent treats an action directed at one person as applying to another when the outcome matches the intended harm.

In information technology and artificial intelligence, intent is the user's underlying goal or desired outcome. Intent recognition or classification attempts to infer this from text, speech, or interaction history, enabling services such as search, chatbots, and voice assistants. Methods range from rule-based approaches to machine learning; challenges include ambiguity, context, and privacy considerations.

Because intent is context-dependent, it is important to distinguish it from related concepts such as motive, reason, or capability. Accurate interpretation depends on evidence, standards of proof, and the domain in which the term is used.