Accurate

Accurate is an adjective referring to something that is correct or true in details, or that is exact in its measurements or representations. It conveys fidelity to a standard, truth, or reality and can describe information, instruments, or procedures.

Etymology: The word derives from Latin accuratus, meaning careful or exact, from cura “care.” Through Old French and Middle English, it entered modern English with the sense of being careful and precise in execution.

In science and measurement, accuracy denotes closeness of a value to the true or accepted value. It contrasts with precision, which describes repeatability or consistency across multiple measurements. Measurements may be accurate, precise, both, or neither. Common sources of inaccuracy include systematic error, calibration drift, and imperfect reference standards.

In data and information contexts, accuracy refers to the degree to which data reflect the real world. Data validation, calibration, and verification procedures aim to improve accuracy and reduce bias or noise. In reporting, accuracy involves ensuring statements correctly represent facts, measurements, or observations.

Usage notes: accurate is widely used in everyday language (an accurate map, an accurate report) and in technical contexts (accurate instrument calibration). However, many domains acknowledge that perfect accuracy is rarely achievable. In such cases, uncertainty is often expressed with error margins, confidence levels, or ranges to communicate remaining doubt about a value or prediction.