systematic

Systematic is an adjective describing something that is organized or done according to a fixed plan or system. It implies an orderly, methodical, comprehensive approach rather than ad hoc or haphazard procedures. The term derives from the Latin systema and Greek systema, reflecting the idea of an arranged whole or a coordinated method.

In scholarly and professional contexts, systematic indicates rigor and completeness. A systematic review, for example, is a structured process for identifying, evaluating, and synthesizing all relevant studies on a given topic according to predefined criteria. Systematic sampling refers to selecting units at regular intervals from a population, aiming to produce representative data. Systematic error, in measurement, is a bias that consistently skews results in a particular direction, as opposed to random error which fluctuates unpredictably.

Systematic practice is common across disciplines. Systematic theology, a branch of theological study, seeks to articulate the beliefs of a tradition in a coherent, organized framework. In everyday use, people speak of a systematic approach to problem-solving or project management, emphasizing planning, order, and repeatable methods.

Systemic and systematic are related but distinct. Systematic describes the method or process, while systemic refers to something that affects or relates to an entire system, such as systemic risk or systemic illness.