doctrine

Doctrine is a set of beliefs, teachings, or principles that are officially taught or advocated by an institution, organization, or movement. The word derives from Latin doctrina meaning instruction or learning, and it has long been used to describe formal systems of thought that guide conduct as well as interpretation. A doctrine is typically codified, stable enough to inform decisions, yet may evolve as circumstances change or debates develop. It is distinct from dogma, which implies authority accepted without question, though the boundary can be fluid.

In religion, doctrines are the core tenets of a faith or denomination, such as beliefs about the nature of God, salvation, or sacraments. In law, a doctrine is a principle or framework developed by judges, scholars, or legislators to explain, justify, or apply legal rules; for example, the doctrine of stare decisis (the binding effect of precedent) or other doctrinal principles guiding property, tort, or constitutional law. In the military and public policy, doctrine refers to an officially adopted set of procedures and strategies for planning and operations, such as a military doctrine or a state’s diplomatic doctrine, including named doctrines like the Monroe Doctrine.

In culture and academia, doctrines can also denote accepted frameworks or schools of thought within disciplines, while science prefers theories and models; nevertheless, a doctrine can influence research agendas, education, and governance. Doctrines are subject to debate, revision, or replacement as knowledge and institutions evolve.