Demenzáció

Demenzáció is a term used in some Hungarian-language medical contexts to describe the progression from normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment to dementia. It refers to the gradual decline that interferes with daily functioning and independence and is not a single disease, but a descriptive process.

Most commonly, demenzáció results from neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular cognitive impairment, Lewy body dementia, or frontotemporal dementia. Risk factors include age, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, obesity, low education, social isolation, and physical inactivity.

Clinical features typically begin with memory loss and may include language problems, impaired executive function, visuospatial difficulties, and changes in behavior. Over time, daily activities become more difficult and independence declines.

Diagnosis is clinical and supported by neuropsychological testing and brain imaging. Biomarkers may be used where available. Delirium and reversible causes must be ruled out.

Management centers on symptom relief, functional support, and planning for care. Treatments may include cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine for certain stages, along with nonpharmacologic approaches such as exercise, cognitive activity, sleep and mood management, and caregiver support.

There is no cure; prognosis varies by underlying disease. Emphasis is placed on vascular risk management, regular monitoring, and social and legal planning.