obesity

Obesity is a medical condition characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat that may impair health. It is typically defined using the body mass index (BMI), a measure calculated by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters. A BMI of 30 or higher is classified as obese, while values between 25 and 29.9 are considered overweight.

Obesity is a complex health issue influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, behavioral, and metabolic factors. Common behavioral contributors include poor diet, high caloric intake, sedentary lifestyle, and lack of physical activity. Genetic predispositions can affect how the body stores and processes fat, while socioeconomic factors may limit access to healthy foods or safe exercise environments.

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of various health problems, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, respiratory issues, certain cancers, and musculoskeletal disorders. It can also contribute to psychological conditions such as depression and low self-esteem.

Preventive measures often focus on promoting healthy eating habits and regular physical activity. Management strategies may include lifestyle modifications, behavioral therapy, and, in some cases, pharmacotherapy or surgical interventions such as bariatric surgery.

Addressing obesity requires a multifaceted approach involving individuals, healthcare providers, communities, and policymakers to create supportive environments and policies that facilitate healthier choices. Efforts to combat obesity are vital for reducing its health and economic impacts worldwide, as it remains a significant public health challenge across many populations and age groups.