osteoartrózu

Osteoartróza, often referred to as osteoarthritis, is a degenerative joint disease that affects millions worldwide. It is characterized by the breakdown of cartilage, the smooth, slippery tissue that cushions the ends of bones within a joint. As cartilage wears away, bones can rub directly against each other, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.

The exact cause of osteoartróza is not fully understood, but several factors contribute to its development. These include aging, genetics, obesity, previous joint injuries, and repetitive stress on joints. While it can affect any joint, it most commonly occurs in the hands, knees, hips, and spine.

Symptoms of osteoartróza typically develop gradually and can vary in severity. The most common symptom is pain, which may worsen with activity and improve with rest. Stiffness, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity, is also prevalent. Swelling, tenderness, and a grating sensation or sound when moving the joint can also occur. In advanced stages, joints may become misshapen and lose their full range of motion.

Diagnosis usually involves a physical examination, a review of medical history, and imaging tests such as X-rays, which can reveal joint damage and cartilage loss. There is currently no cure for osteoartróza, but various treatments aim to manage symptoms and slow disease progression. These include lifestyle modifications like weight management and exercise, pain relief medications, physical therapy, and in some cases, joint replacement surgery.