Osteoartróza

Osteoartróza, often referred to as osteoarthritis, is a degenerative joint disease that affects millions worldwide. It is characterized by the breakdown of cartilage, the smooth tissue that cushions the ends of bones within a joint. As cartilage wears away, bones can rub directly against each other, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. This condition is more common in older adults but can affect people of any age due to factors like previous joint injury, overuse, obesity, and genetic predisposition.

The symptoms of osteoartróza typically develop gradually. Joint pain is a primary symptom, often worsening with activity and improving with rest. Stiffness, especially after periods of inactivity or in the morning, is also common. Swelling and a grating sensation when moving the affected joint can occur. While osteoartróza can affect any joint, it most frequently impacts the hands, knees, hips, and spine.

Diagnosis of osteoartróza is usually based on a medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests such as X-rays. X-rays can reveal joint space narrowing, bone spurs, and other changes indicative of cartilage loss. There is no cure for osteoartróza, but treatment aims to manage symptoms and slow disease progression. This may include pain relievers, anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy to strengthen muscles around the joint, lifestyle modifications like weight loss, and in severe cases, surgery such as joint replacement.