slow

Slow is a relative term used to describe motion, duration, or rate of change that is slower than what is typical or expected in a given context. It can refer to physical movement (walking slowly), a process (a slow approval), or perceptual timing (a slow reaction). Slowness is usually contrasted with speed; the opposite of slow is fast. In grammar, slow functions as an adjective (a slow car) and as an adverb (drive slowly); its comparative form is slower and its superlative is slowest. The noun form 'slowness' denotes the state or quality of being slow.

Etymology traces to Old English and other Germanic roots; cognates exist in related languages such as Dutch 'sloom' for sluggish. The term appears across disciplines: in physics one might discuss 'low speed' rather than using the word slow; in everyday language, slow is a qualitative descriptor. In music, tempo markings such as adagio, lento, and a tempo indicate slow pace.

Cultural usage has given rise to movements that valorize slowness as a counterpoint to rapid modern life. The Slow Movement includes initiatives such as Slow Food (founded in 1986 in Italy) and Slow Cities or Cittaslow, which promote local food cultures, sustainability, and longer timeframes for decision making and enjoyment. In technology and media, 'slow' can describe reduced performance, delayed responses, or iterative, deliberate processes.

See also: speed, velocity, tempo, latency, slowness, contrast with fast.