cougars

The cougar, scientifically known as Puma concolor, is a large felid native to the Americas. It is also commonly called the mountain lion or panther in certain regions. Cougars are among the most widespread wild cats in the Western Hemisphere, with a range stretching from parts of Canada and Alaska to southern Chile and Argentina.

Physically, cougars have a uniform, tawny to pale yellow-brown coat that helps them blend into varied landscapes. They typically have a long body, a relatively small head, and a long tail that helps with balance. Adult males are generally larger than females, and weight can vary widely by region, with large individuals reaching substantial sizes. Length, including the tail, commonly approaches up to about two meters.

Habitat and range span a broad array of environments, including forests, deserts, mountains, and grasslands. Cougars prefer rugged, secluded terrain and are experienced climbers and swimmers. They are solitary and largely territorial, with individuals maintaining overlapping but distinct ranges. Their distribution is continuous in parts of North America and extends into the Andes in South America.

Diet is opportunistic, with a focus on larger herbivores such as deer and elk, but they will also hunt smaller vertebrates when necessary. They rely on stealth and ambush rather than speed over long distances. They are capable of preying on domestic livestock, which can lead to conflict with humans in some areas. Reproduction occurs year-round but can be seasonal in some regions; gestation lasts about 90 days, and a litter typically consists of 1–6 cubs. Cubs are dependent on their mother for up to a year.

Conservation status is listed as Least Concern by major organizations, reflecting a broad range and large overall population. Nevertheless, local populations face threats from habitat loss, fragmentation, and human-wildlife conflict, prompting region-specific protections and management to promote coexistence.