Diet

A diet is the pattern of foods and beverages consumed by an individual or population over time. It reflects cultural, religious, economic, and personal preferences, and can influence nutrition status and health. In common usage, diet also refers to a specific eating plan intended to achieve a goal, such as weight loss or medical management, but the term can also describe habitual eating patterns.

A healthy diet provides energy and a range of nutrients in appropriate amounts. It includes macronutrients—carbohydrates, proteins, and fats—and micronutrients—vitamins and minerals—along with adequate hydration. Emphasis is often placed on variety and nutrient density, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Guidance typically recommends limiting added sugars, sodium, and highly processed foods.

Dietary patterns vary by life stage and health status. Vegetarian and vegan diets, for example, omit or reduce animal products; other patterns include omnivorous or flexitarian diets. Medical or therapeutic diets are used to manage conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease, or food allergies, and should be planned with professional guidance.

Public health bodies issue dietary guidelines to promote health and reduce disease risk. Researchers study how different patterns relate to outcomes like obesity, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, while also considering sustainability and food security.