Weichhölzer

Weichhölzer, also known as softwoods, are the wood of coniferous trees. In forestry and timber trade they are grouped with Nadelhölzer and are distinguished from Harthölzer, which come from deciduous trees. Softwoods generally have lower density and hardness than hardwoods, grow faster, and are often easier to work with. They tend to have a uniform grain and good machinability, but are more susceptible to moisture-related movement and to decay if untreated.

Common European Weichhölzer include Fichte (spruce), Kiefer (pine), Tanne (fir) and Lärche (larch). In many regions also Douglasie (Douglas fir) is widely used as a softwood. These species provide a broad range of mechanical properties, availability and costs, making softwoods the dominant material in many construction and carpentry applications.

Properties of Weichhölzer include relatively low density, good strength-to-weight ratio, and favorable workability. They respond well to cutting, planing and fastening, especially with nails, screws and adhesives. Their natural durability varies: most are not highly resistant to decay in ground contact unless treated or protected. Seasoning to an appropriate moisture content reduces distortion and improves gluing and finishing performance. Some species contain resin that can affect finishes and tool wear.

Applications cover a wide spectrum: structural timber for framing and roof constructions, carpentry and joinery, interior paneling and furniture, as well as pulp and paper production. Sustainability is a key aspect, with softwoods often sourced from rapidly renewing forests and increasingly offered with certification such as FSC or PEFC.

Overall, Weichhölzer are a versatile, widely available group of woods valued for workability, cost efficiency and broad application, while limiting factors include durability without treatment and moisture sensitivity.