European

European refers to anything related to Europe, a continent in the northern hemisphere. The term can denote geographic, cultural, historical, or political content. As a demonym, a European is a person who originates from or has ancestry in Europe. The concept of Europe as a distinct region has both geographic and cultural dimensions; geographically, Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. The boundary with Asia is commonly marked by the Ural Mountains and Ural River, though no universal consensus exists. Europe contains a wide range of languages and cultures, primarily within the Indo-European family, including English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Russian, and many others. Multilingualism is common; numerous regional and minority languages are recognized.

Historically, Europe has been shaped by ancient civilizations, Christian Europe, the Roman Empire, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the Scientific and Industrial Revolutions, and modern nation-states. In contemporary usage, European can refer to individuals, cultures, or policies associated with European integration, especially within the European Union. The EU defines European citizenship, but not all Europeans are EU citizens, and many non-EU European states participate in regional cooperation. Europe comprises many political entities, ranging from sovereign states to territories.

Notable contributions include literature, philosophy, science, art, and institutions. The European identity is diverse and often emphasizes shared legal and humanitarian traditions, while recognizing substantial regional differences.