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VMs

A virtual machine (VM) is a software-emulated computer system that runs programs like a physical machine. VMs execute on physical hardware through a layer called a hypervisor, which abstracts and allocates processor, memory, storage, and I/O resources. A VM runs a complete guest operating system, which is separate from the host system.

There are two broad VM categories: system virtual machines and process virtual machines. System VMs emulate

Hypervisors manage VMs. Type 1 hypervisors run directly on the host’s hardware and typically provide high performance

Benefits include isolation, easier testing and development across different OSes, and improved resource utilization through consolidation.

Performance and security considerations include virtualization overhead, the need for compatible hardware features (such as Intel

VMs are widely used in server consolidation, cloud computing, testing, education, and legacy software support. The

an
entire
hardware
platform,
allowing
an
unmodified
guest
OS
to
run.
Process
VMs
provide
an
execution
environment
for
a
single
application
or
language
runtime,
translating
instructions
into
the
host
machine's
ISA
(e.g.,
Java
Virtual
Machine).
and
efficiency.
Type
2
hypervisors
run
as
applications
on
a
host
OS
and
are
generally
easier
to
use
for
development
and
testing.
Popular
Type
1
solutions
include
VMware
ESXi,
Microsoft
Hyper-V,
and
KVM;
Type
2
includes
VMware
Workstation,
Oracle
VirtualBox,
and
Parallels.
VMs
can
be
paused,
resumed,
cloned,
snapped,
or
migrated
between
physical
hosts
with
minimal
downtime
in
some
configurations.
They
also
enable
disaster
recovery
and
simplified
software
deployment
in
cloud
and
data
center
contexts.
VT-x
or
AMD-V),
and
patching
of
both
hypervisor
and
guest
systems.
Resource
planning
is
important
to
avoid
contention.
Some
workloads
may
run
better
in
containers,
which
share
the
host
kernel
rather
than
emulating
hardware.
ecosystem
includes
various
platforms
and
management
tools
that
facilitate
creation,
management,
and
automation
of
VM
lifecycles.