execute

Execute is a verb with several related meanings centered on bringing something into effect or performing an action. In common usage, to execute a plan, policy, or order means to carry it out or implement it. The sense emphasizes action and completion, rather than mere preparation or intent.

In computing and information technology, to execute is to run a directive or program. Central processing units execute machine instructions, and software executes code or scripts. Commands in many programming languages are designed to trigger the execution of operations, and a program can be described as being executed when its instructions run.

In legal and formal contexts, to execute a document means to sign it and, typically, to complete the formal steps required for validity. An executed contract is one that has been signed and is binding. The act is described as the execution of a deed or contract, and the noun execution refers to the act of performing these tasks or delivering the signed instrument.

Historically, execution can also refer to capital punishment—the act of putting a person to death under a legal sentence. In jurisdictions that retain capital punishment, an execution may be carried out by various methods and is described in terms of the state carrying out the sentence.

Etymology: The verb derives from the Latin exsecutus, the past participle of exsequor meaning “to follow up, carry out.” It passed into Old French as executer and into English in the 15th century with senses related to performing duties and completing legal acts. Related nouns include execution and executor.